Members of a family operate very independently of one another. A person who is isolated and lacks social support or intimacy is more likely to: a. develop depression when under stress. The psychologist who would MOST closely agree with this statement would be described as: a. behavioral. d. cognitive. c. insert RNA into genes. In this case, extinction continues. Lorenzo's therapist frequently reminds him that he has the power to change his situation and that he must take responsibility for his actions. In Module 2, we first distinguished uni- and multi-dimensional models of abnormality and made a case that the latter was better to subscribe to. Infants tend to do things that feel good. a. psychodynamic b. multicultural c. cognitive d. humanistic. 18. d. development of sociopathic tendencies. They act as the instructions to make proteins, and it is estimated by the Human Genome Project that we have between 20,000 and 25,000 genes. This process is called counterconditioning, or the reversal of previous learning. Over time, he begins to understand how events in his early life have impacted how he functions now. Chief among these are neurotransmitter imbalances. The central nervous system (CNS) is the control center for the nervous system, which receives, processes, interprets, and stores incoming sensory information. The defense mechanism that BEST explains his behavior is: a. rationalization. Once free, the cat was allowed to eat some food before being promptly returned to the box. How so? Exemplify the effect of maladaptive cognitions on creating abnormal behavior. Consider a rat trained to push a lever to receive a food pellet. a. an actual symptom b. the community mental health system c. labeling d. communication. A person with a controlling mother is getting help. d. One-fourth of all treated couples eventually separate or divorce. Nikolai runs past, grabs some of the cookies, and runs away. These two components pair up as follows: Finally, four properties of operant conditioning extinction, spontaneous recovery, stimulus generalization, and stimulus discrimination are important. 55. 131. Which is an example of latent content? It is generally understood that the students who sit in the front of the class are the overachievers and want to earn an A in the class. Negative means that something is being taken away good or bad. b. cognitive-behavioral When Mathias did not get a job for which he applied, he was sure that everything was going wrong, that his life was completely off track. In Module 2, we will discuss three models of abnormal behavior to include the biological, psychological, and sociocultural models. d. Not enough therapists practice existential therapy to make it worth researching. d. fixation at a lower level of ego functioning. The drug causes severe vomiting if a person drinks alcohol while taking the drug. A patient has social anxiety disorder. Eventually the fact that no food comes will extinguish this reaction but still, it will be weird for a bit). Messages moving from neuron to neuron must cross tiny spaces called: Which model of abnormality focuses on learning and the thinking that underlies behavior? Check out the figure below for how these contingencies are arranged. d. classical conditioning. b. early childhood trauma. c. Existentialists believe that research dehumanizes individuals by reducing them to test measures. Which model of abnormality focuses on learning and the thinking that underlies behavior? Freuds psychodynamic theory made a lasting impact on the field of psychology but also has been criticized heavily. Which statement is TRUE regarding the models of abnormality? If my father seems genuinely happy and pleased with himself after bagging groceries his way, then I will be more likely to adopt this behavior. The sociocultural model of abnormality focuses on all of these factors EXCEPT: a. social labels and roles. Notice how the line has dropped below -70mV. She is very open about herself and shares her thoughts and opinions freely. b. cultural deprivation that is characteristic of some groups. d. only one factorstress or predispositionis necessary for abnormality to occur. None of the models are complete within themselves. b. neurosis. d. psychodynamic. According to psychoanalysis, which statement is TRUE of psychological conflicts? b. ethnographic studies. The results of this study led him to conclude that _____ greatly affects mental illness. Does extinction happen as soon as the anticipated reinforcer is removed? Second, the response is made, and a reinforcer is delivered. As such, he continues to steal her toys. Which conclusion can be drawn from this finding? a. psychodynamic d. frustrating the client. The force that is in control in this example is the: Which model is MOST likely to suggest using free association to uncover unconscious processes? The perspective that religious views are defense mechanisms created by people to make life tolerable is MOST characteristic of: a. current thinking in the mental health profession. d. humanistic. a. psychodynamic b. cognitive c. humanistic-existential d. behavioral. Examine the evidence both for and against your thought. Right before his death, Skinner (1990) reminded psychologists that the only thing we can truly know and study was the observable. Then, Jones gave the child some pleasant food (i.e., something sweet such as cookies [Panel C]; remember the response to the food is unlearned, i.e., Panel A). Multicultural psychologists assert that both normal behavior and abnormal behavior need to be understood in the context of the individuals unique culture and the groups value system. The critical thing to understand here is that there is a belief in the realm of mental health that chemical imbalances are responsible for many mental disorders. Postconditioning, or after learning has occurred, establishes a new and not naturally occurring relationship of a conditioned stimulus (CS; previously the NS) and conditioned response (CR; the same response). a. behavior-focused How does the humanistic perspective approach psychopathology? Racial and ethnic minorities must contend with prejudice, discrimination, racism, economic hardships, etc. Annually, approximately 100,000 undergo ECT to treat conditions such as severe depression, acute mania, suicidality, and some forms of schizophrenia. The term for the form of psychotherapy pioneered by Carl Rogers is: a. client-centered. All of the following are leading kinds of biological treatments used today EXCEPT: a. drug therapy. Freud believed that the three central forces that shape the personality were: a. instincts, the ego, and the self. 51. c. It is full of abnormal evolutionary principles. As you might expect, the behavior will begin to weaken and eventually stop when this occurs. So, if you were afraid of clowns, you would be thrown into a room full of clowns. 2.3.3.6. Which type of theorist would focus on the athletes illogical thinking process as a key factor in her subsequent poor performance? b. people are naturally inclined to live positively. The pairing must occur more than once so that needless pairings are not learned such as someone farting right before your food comes out and now you salivate whenever someone farts (at least for a while. Behaviorism was dominant from 1913 to 1990 before being absorbed into mainstream psychology. d. projection. Transcribed image text: model Curl Rogers and Abraham Maslow focused on the psychological roots of abnormal behavior and the need of human for velf acceptance. Males have X and Y chromosomes while females have two Xs. b. a severe mental illness and who is not a candidate for brain stimulation therapy. Which type of theorist would focus on the athlete's illogical thinking process as a key factor in her subsequent poor performance? d. the way in which the mental health profession is moving. Some are naturally occurring, while others need to be learned. a. Existential therapy is very new, and there hasnt yet been enough time to conduct thorough research. She is constantly looking to friends and family members for help with these decisions and gets anxious when she has to decide alone. MOST likely, this therapist is a _____ therapist. d. indicator of psychological conflict. A cognitive-behavioral therapist would MOST likely recommend: Terms in this set (124) Marie comes from a supportive, loving family and has a stable socio-economic background. When it comes to other mental disorders such as schizophrenia and bipolar disorder, research has not found differences in the ratesat whichmen and women experience these illnesses. d. people who avoid responsibility for their lives and decisions live inauthentic lives. The biopsychosocial model (BPS) was first proposed by George L. Engel and Jon Romano of the University of Rochester in 1977. A person engages in multiple online discussions with a large number of friends on Facebook. a. humanistic therapy. Women are more likely to develop PTSD compared to men. b. the different patterns of communication displayed by men and women. Step 1 Neurons waiting to fire are said to be in, Step 2 If adequately stimulated, the neuron experiences an, Step 3 Once the action potential passes from one segment of the axon to the next, the previous segment begins to, Step 4 After the neuron fires, it will not fire again no matter how much stimulation it receives. a. losing the dog b. having the dream over and over c. feeling panicked in the dream d. feeling stress about her mothers illness. Theory focused on the behaviors people exhibit and the thoughts they have is usually described as: a. biological. Simply: Figure 2.1. The person in the back could also be shy and prefer sitting there so that s/he does not need to chat with others as much. There were times when something bit my foot while I was swimming, but I didn't get hurt at all. For more on the role of genes in the development of mental illness, check out this article from Psychology Today: https://www.psychologytoday.com/blog/saving-normal/201604/what-you-need-know-about-the-genetics-mental-disorders. b. working through. Identify and define important neurotransmitters. d. it is too narrow in certain ways. Robin struggles to make decisions about romantic partners, jobs, and even what to wear. The humanistic perspective focuses on positive regard, conditions of worth, and the fully functioning person while the existential perspective stresses the need for people to re-create themselves continually and be self-aware, acknowledges that anxiety is a normal part of life, focuses on free will and self-determination, emphasizes that each person has a unique identity known only through relationships and the search for meaning, and finally, that we develop to our maximum potential. c. psychosurgery. Within the context of psychopathology, the behavioral perspective is useful because explains maladaptive behavior in terms of learning gone awry. According to Freud's psychodynamic theory, the part of the personality that operates by the morality principle is the: Which statement is TRUE regarding electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)? Here are the models we will examine in this module: You should have learned the following in this section: Proponents of the biological model view mental illness as being a result of a malfunction in the body to include issues with brain anatomy or chemistry. Boys are more likely to be diagnosed with Autism Spectrum Disorder. Which form of therapy helps clients recognize errors in logic and try out new interpretations of events? Dontrall observed his parents generous behavior throughout his childhood. According to family systems theory, this family is characterized by: a. enmeshed structure. The paradigm, or model, adopted by people in the Middle Ages to explain abnormal behavior was the _____ model. They reflect our unconscious desires and needs. Uni- vs. Multi-Dimensional Models of Abnormality, https://www.health.harvard.edu/mind-and-mood/what-causes-depression, https://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/primer/basics/gene, https://www.webmd.com/mental-health/mental-health-causes-mental-illness#1, https://www.cdc.gov/groupastrep/diseases-public/strep-throat.html, https://www.psychologytoday.com/blog/the-perfectionists-handbook/201202/can-infections-result-in-mental-illness, https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/flu/symptoms-causes/syc-20351719, https://www.nami.org/About-Mental-Illness/Treatments/Psychotherapy, https://www.psychologytoday.com/blog/in-practice/201301/cognitive-restructuring, http://cogbtherapy.com/cognitive-behavioral-therapy-exercises/, https://www.psychologytoday.com/therapy-types/existential-therapy, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/topics/index.shtml, Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License. It operates on the reality principle, or an awareness of the need to adjust behavior, to meet the demands of our environment. There is no firsthand experience by the learner in observational learning, unlike enactive. d. try to figure out the source of their troublesome thoughts. b. existential. You have likely heard about Pavlov and his dogs, but what you may not know is that this was a discovery made accidentally. Our life instincts, or Eros, are manifested through it and are the creative forces that sustain life. Gestalt therapy is similar to mindfulness techniques in its emphasis on: Cognitive-behavioral approaches used to treat social anxiety disorder aim to: alter illogical thinking patterns and reduce avoidance behaviors. When we try to establish how abnormality develops, we need to consider how individuals deal with the meaning of life and with the value they find in living. The pituitary gland is the master gland which regulates other endocrine glands. Failure to treat many people with severe disturbances appropriately is MOST often a problem with which level of prevention? She ultimately decided not to copy, knowing that doing so was wrong. Freud considered the talking cure of Anna O. to be the origin of psychoanalytic therapy and what would come to be called the cathartic method. Researchers who have looked into the link between religious devotion and psychological well-being have come to the following conclusion that: 113. What is it? c. There is a decreasing need for couple therapy based on current divorce rates. a. gestalt theorist b. psychodynamic theorist c. existential theorist d. evolutionary theorist. Possible side effects include weight gain, sleepiness, nausea and vomiting, panic attacks, or thoughts about suicide or dying. But women may experience these illnesses differently certain symptoms may be more common in women than in men, and the course of the illness can be affected by the sex of the individual. What happened to that bad behavior that had disappeared? a. cognitive b. humanistic c. psychodynamic d. rational emotive. 63. c. Cultural factors might create a climate favorable for the development of certain disorders. Counselors, clinical psychologists, and psychotherapists often work directly in . c. This model focuses on abstract issues of human fulfillment.