He also was instrumental in initiating the first type of triangular trade, in which enslaved persons were traded for goods and taken to different places. Henry the Navigator does not fit the definition of a navigator. Although the lateen sail allowed sailing upwind to some extent, it was worth even major extensions of course to have a faster and calmer following wind for most of a journey. From about 1419 until his death in 1460, he sent several sailing expeditions down the coast of Africa.4 In 1481, King John II of Portugal began sending expeditions to find a sea route around the southern shores of Africa. Although a plague swept Portugal and claimed the queen as a victim, the army sailed in July 1415. Trade with India: The trends set by Prince Henry eventually helped the Portuguese and other explorers establish a trading system with India and other countries, which included the most important trading items of the Age of Exploration; enslaved persons and gold. Science and Its Times: Understanding the Social Significance of Scientific Discovery. He had several key discoveries associated with him through his role as an expedition financier: Henry the Navigator was fairly involved with the creation of the caravel. The Dutch expedition was funded as a private enterprise. Vasco da Gama, (c.1469 1524) was a Portuguese explorer, one of the most successful in the European Age of Discovery and the commander of the first ships to sail directly from Europe to India. Suppose that the probability that an adult in America will watch the Super Bowl is 40%40 \%40%. Vasco da Gama left Portugal for India, and arrived at Goa in September 1524. [12] In Portuguese, even in modern times, it is uncommon to call him by this epithet; the preferred use is "Infante D. After procuring the new caravel ship, Henry was responsible for the early development of Portuguese exploration and maritime trade with other continents through the systematic exploration of Western Africa, the islands of the Atlantic Ocean, and the search for new routes. It was only later chroniclers such as Joo de Barros and Damio de Gis who attributed him a scholarly character and an interest for cosmography. Henry directed that Porto Santo be colonized. The Reconquista created generations of men trained and ready to reconquer lands for Spain and the Church. This came at the cruel treatment of East African and South Asian people. In Henry's time, the ocean was very dangerous, and Africa was a mysterious place that seemed to contain endless miles of sand. By this time the Portuguese navigators had also reached the Sargasso Sea (western North Atlantic region), naming it after the Sargassum seaweed growing there (sargao / sargasso in Portuguese).[18][19]. Birthplace: Portugal. Many of his experiences in his childhood and youth helped to prepare him for his direction of expeditions later in life. exploration because made trade routes along the way. 1420: Henry becomes an administrator of the Order of Christ. He was born in 1394 to a royal family. By 1462, the Portuguese had explored the coast of Africa as far as present-day Sierra Leone. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). Create a side-by-side bar chart with store location on the horizontal axis and side- by-side bars of the percentage of time spent on each task. 35 chapters | Continue Learning about Movies & Television. He granted Henry all profits from trading within the areas he discovered as well as the sole right to authorize expeditions beyond Cape Bojador. The Portuguese Cortes refused to return Ceuta as ransom for Ferdinand, who remained in captivity until his death six years later. \text { Mar. How did mercantilism operate as a push factor for some European states during the Age of Exploration? [17] In 1420, settlers then moved to the nearby island of Madeira. It demonstrates that the Portuguese were hoping to profit from exploration. They had six sons, and lived in the town vora. Da Gamas third journey would be his last. Rounding the Cape of Good Hope (the southern tip of Africa): This was performed in 1488 by Bartholomew Diaz years after the death of Prince Henry. The Catholic Church was interested in gaining new converts to the religion. Henry was the third son of King John I and Philippa of Lancaster, the daughter of John of Gaunt of England. . Dom Henrique of Portugal, Duke of Viseu (4 March 1394 13 November 1460), better known as Prince Henry the Navigator (Portuguese: Infante Dom Henrique, o Navegador), was a central figure in the early days of the Portuguese Empire and in the 15th-century European maritime discoveries and maritime expansion. Where was Prince Henry the Navigator from? He visited the Anjidiv Island near Goa, and then once more stopped in Malindi in January 1499. 1420s: As locations are discovered by his explorers, Prince Henry orders that they are colonized and transformed into locations that have thriving communities. The Dutch expedition was funded as a private enterprise. .css-m6thd4{-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;display:block;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;font-family:Gilroy,Helvetica,Arial,Sans-serif;font-size:1.125rem;line-height:1.2;font-weight:bold;color:#323232;text-transform:capitalize;}@media (any-hover: hover){.css-m6thd4:hover{color:link-hover;}}Rosalynn Carter, 10 Black Pioneers in Aviation Who Broke Barriers. Besides securing wealth, Henry had an additional motive in his quest to conquer Africa. \text { Jan. 15 } & 22 & \text { SS } & 1,610 & 20,125 \\ July 1415: Henry the Navigator and his family sail to Morocco. By the age of twenty, he was the captain of a ship.3 These skills would all make him an acceptable choice to lead an expedition to India. Its like a teacher waved a magic wand and did the work for me. Because each style has its own formatting nuances that evolve over time and not all information is available for every reference entry or article, Encyclopedia.com cannot guarantee each citation it generates. This rerouting of trade devastated Algiers and Tunis, but made Portugal rich. His existence was so long Henrys biographer, Zurara, on the other hand, declared that his hero had done everything possible to prevent Pedros death and promised to explain the circumstances further in later writings, but, if he did so, the account is lost. Prince Henry of Portugal also called Prince Henry the Navigator began Portugals great age of exploration. Pletcher, Kenneth ed. I would definitely recommend Study.com to my colleagues. 2. And there was more trouble for Portugal: Ceuta's Muslim neighbors were threatening the Portuguese stronghold. Prince Henry of Portugal did not earn the title "The Navigator" because he himself sailed the seas. "Prince Henry The Navigator He was promoted in this endeavor by the Order of Christ, a supreme ministry under the Pope himself. (Credit: National Maritime Museum). He did employ some cartographers to chart the coast of Mauritania after the voyages he sent there, but there was no center of navigation science or observatory in the modern sense of the word, nor was there an organized navigational center. In addition to the MLA, Chicago, and APA styles, your school, university, publication, or institution may have its own requirements for citations. . Henry IV helped to end the, Henry, Joseph In 1418, while serving as governor of Ceuta, Prince Henry began learning the trade routes to Africa and Asia, believing that control of these sea routes could offer Portugal unprecedented wealth. Within the Cite this article tool, pick a style to see how all available information looks when formatted according to that style. It seems, however, that this is at best an exaggeration, resulting from the vagueness of the sailing directions reported in Portuguese sources. In 1437 Henry and his younger brother, Fernando, gained Duartes reluctant consent for an expedition against Tangier. Early Life They left India at the end of August. Here, he learned advanced mathematics, and studied principles of navigation. They stopped at the Cape Verdes Islands, Mozambique, and then sailed to Kilwa (in modern day Tanzania). Portugal's conquest of Ceuta was not only a defeat over the Muslimsit established Portuguese control of shipping lanes across the Mediterranean Sea. Therefore, be sure to refer to those guidelines when editing your bibliography or works cited list. A chart drawn by the Catalan cartographer, Gabriel de Vallseca of Mallorca, has been interpreted to indicate that the Azores were first discovered by Diogo de Silves in 1427. Henry was the fourth child of King Dom John I of Portugal, who founded the House of Aviz.[1]. By the end of the year he fell ill. Vasco da Gama died on December 24, 1524 in Cochin, India. Henrys other older brother, Duarte, succeeded King John in 1433. He encouraged his father to conquer Ceuta (1415), the Muslim port on the North African coast across the Straits of Gibraltar from the Iberian Peninsula. "Prince Henry the Navigator." Step 1: Review what you have learned about the Renaissance, Reformation, Counter-Reformation, and Age of Exploration. Quick Facts: Portuguese explorer and navigator who found a direct sea route from Europe to Asia, and was the first European to sail to India by going around Africa. Under his patronage, Portuguese crews founded the country's first colonies and visited regions previously unknown to Europeans. They discovered new routes to India, much of the Far East, and the Americas. He accomplished what many explorers before him could not do. Science and Its Times: Understanding the Social Significance of Scientific Discovery. Now that the boundary had been crossed, Prince Henry's expeditions began to travel faster and further down the African coast. This religious order provides the context and the financial backing for many of Henry's expeditions. The term was coined by two nineteenth-century German historians: Heinrich Schaefer and Gustave de Veer. He funded and was in charge of the first voyages to Africa, and was the driving force behind the country's first colonies on the African continent. They write new content and verify and edit content received from contributors. Most of the voyages sent out by Henry consisted of one or two ships that navigated by following the coast, stopping at night to tie up along some shore. The trade of enslaved persons that built up the colonies in the Americas was also initiated by Prince Henry. X \simX.X. All other trademarks and copyrights are the property of their respective owners. They sailed for 23 days, and on May 20, 1498 they reached India.7 They headed for Kappad, India near the large city of Calicut. Vila do Infante and Portuguese exploration, The traditional image of the Prince presented in this page, and coming from the, Ivana Elbl, "Man of His Time (and Peers): A New Look at Henry the Navigator.". Both of these occasions were instances of war, not expeditions. The epithet Navigator, applied to him by the English (though seldom by Portuguese writers), is a misnomer, as he himself never embarked on any exploratory voyages. Vasco da Gama opened a new world of riches by opening up an Indian Ocean route. From about 1419 until his death in 1460, he sent several sailing expeditions down the coast of Africa. Manuel I praised da Gamas success, and gave him money and a new title of admiral. Vasco da Gamas later voyages were less friendly with the people he met. "The alleged nautical school founded in the fifteenth century at Sagres by Prince Henry of Portugal called the 'Navigator'". b. But his quest to establish Portugal as one of the wealthiest trading nations in the world drove his country's ships further down the African coast than any previous European missions. Vasco De Gama was the first European to find an ocean trading route to India. mapmakers, scholars, and ship builders. In 1427, Henry's ships discovered and took control of the Azores, a group of islands approximately one thousand miles (1,600 km) due west of Sagres. He sponsored many missionary activities in North Africa. At Calicut, he bombarded the port, and caused the death of several Muslim traders. They anchored for a bit in January near Mozambique at the Rio do Cobre (Copper River) and continued on until they reached the Rio dos Bons Sinais (River of Good Omens). Medieval ships were designed mostly for battle. Although Prince Henry the Navigator was neither a sailor nor a navigator, he sponsored a great deal of exploration along the west coast of Africa. Randles, W.G.L. What does the trade deal Vasco da Gama made in India demonstrate about some of the motivations for exploration? Prince Henry the Navigator was fascinated by the sea and Name: Vasco da Gama [vas-koh]; [(Portuguese) vahsh-koo] [duh gah-muh], Portrait of Vasco da Gama by artist Antonio Manuel da Fonseca in 1838. Henry the Navigator, a 15th-century Portuguese prince, helped usher in both the Age of Discovery and the Atlantic enslaved people trade. In 1431, Henry donated houses for the Estudo Geral to teach all the sciencesgrammar, logic, rhetoric, arithmetic, music, and astronomyin what would later become the University of Lisbon. We are interested in the number of adults in America we must survey until we find one who will watch the Super Bowl. In 1415, his ships reached the Canary Islands, which had already been claimed by Spain. The Dutch expedition was funded as a private enterprise. DateJan.2Jan.15Feb.3Mar. Henry was 21 when he and his father and brothers captured the Moorish port of Ceuta in northern Morocco. Many of his crew were dying of scurvy. No one used the nickname "Henry the Navigator" to refer to prince Henry during his lifetime or in the following three centuries. Funds appropriated from the Order of Christ largely financed the Atlantic voyages along the western coast of Africa that Henry began to promote in the mid-1420s. Finally, on February 20, 1503 da Gama began the return journey home arriving on October 11 1503. Henry died in 1460 in Sagres, Portugal. He was the third. That Henry distinguished himself, however, is indicated by his immediate appointment as the kings lieutenant for Ceuta, which did not require his permanent residence there or confer civil authority or administrative responsibilities but did oblige him to see that the city was adequately defended. Henry's captain Dins Dias in 1445 reached the mouth of the Sngal River, and a year later Nuo Tristo discovered the Gambia River. Da Gama threatened their leader, and forced him and his people to swear loyalty to the king of Portugal. Dictionary of African Biography. Astrological Sign: Pisces, Death Year: 1460, Death date: November 13, 1460, Death City: Sagres, Death Country: Portugal, Article Title: Henry the Navigator Biography, Author: Biography.com Editors, Website Name: The Biography.com website, Url: https://www.biography.com/history-culture/henry-the-navigator, Publisher: A&E; Television Networks, Last Updated: June 23, 2021, Original Published Date: July 10, 2015. What did Prince Henry the Navigator discover? He sailed once again beginning in February 1502 with a fleet of 10 ships. What does the trade deal Vasco da Gama made in India demonstrate about some of the motivations for exploration? Best Known For: Henry the Navigator, a 15th century Portuguese prince, helped usher in both the Age of Discovery and the Atlantic slave trade. Da Gama quickly re-established order among the Portuguese leaders. But his father, who had spent years fighting the attempts of the Castilians to annex Portugal, wanted peace with them and sent peremptory orders to return home. He desired to make a name for himself, preferably as a conqueror of other nations. The astrolabe could determine the correct latitudinal location of the ship. Early Influences Henry the Navigator was born in 1394 in Porto, Portugal. Today we know this sand as the Sahara Desert. Corrections? He himself discovered nothing. In 1418, Zarco and Teixeira were blown off-course by a storm while making the volta do mar westward swing to return to Portugal. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2012. Later on it was made popular by two British authors who included it in the titles of their biographies of the prince: Henry Major in 1868 and Raymond Beazley in 1895. Henry the Navigator did not navigate anywhere, and the farthest he traveled by ship was Morocco. \hline \text { Jan. 2 } & 1 & \text { TT } & 520 & \$ 16,120 \\ He encouraged the development of new technologies for exploration. Introduction Henry has the dubious distinction of being a founder of the Atlantic enslaved people trade. Henry The Navigator, Born 1394 Died 1460 Portuguese prince, supporter of exploration A s a supporter of some of the first European voyages of exploration, Prince Henry th Exploration, During the Middle Ages, Europeans knew little about the world beyond their lands and the seas around them. Von Spix and Dr. C.F.P. Meetings185232Reports111117Customers522437Idle191314. Mercantilism pushed some states to find more profitable trade routes to the east. They had six sons, and lived in the town vora. From Italy Pedro brought home to Portugal, in 1428, a copy of Marco Polos travels that he had translated for Prince Henrys benefit. In 1458, Henry The Navigator sent Diogo Gomes on an expedition that reached Cape . "Man of His Time (and Peers): A New Look at Henry the Navigator. Author of, Professor of History, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. Although other people were considered for the job, Manuel I finally chose thirty-seven year old Vasco da Gama for this task. Henry the Navigator was 66 when he died. However, none of these aspects were the prime objective of Henry the Navigator. Under Henry's direction, a new and much lighter ship was developed, the caravel, which could sail further and faster. Create your account. During Prince Henry's time and after, the Portuguese navigators discovered and perfected the North Atlantic volta do mar (the 'turn of the sea' or 'return from the sea'): the dependable pattern of trade winds blowing largely from the east near the equator and the returning westerlies in the mid-Atlantic. He was the third surviving son of King John I and Philippa of Lancaster. The king sent his son Henry to aid the embattled city. 7 } & 41 & \text { TT } & 670 & 15,075 \\ Gold, spices, and other riches were valuable in Europe. If he could find this man he could, he thought, create an alliance that would conquer Muslim influence in Africa, and make Portugal one of the richest nations on earth. When John I died in 1433, Henry's eldest brother Edward of Portugal became king. 122304149586578829298ProductTTSSSSTTSLKSLKTTSLKSSTTSLKQuantity5201,6101,4206702,2102,5506203,1101,2107502,700Amount$16,12020,12525,56015,07522,10031,87510,54048,20516,9408,25052,650. mariners and all those associated with navigation of the seas. The Capture of Ceuta and the Impact of Henry the Navigator Gabriel de Valseca's 'Portolan Map' from 1439 documents discoveries of the captains of the Portuguese Prince Henry the Navigator.. colonized Madeira and the Azores. Retrieved February 22, 2023 from Encyclopedia.com: https://www.encyclopedia.com/science/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/prince-henry-navigator. He mostly sent out expeditions to expand his own wealth and reputation. Principal Voyage ." He encouraged the development of new technologies for exploration. Here is a listing to some of the major accomplishments of Prince Henry the Navigator. Alternate titles: Henrique o Navegador, Henrique, infante de Portugal, duque de Viseu, senhor da Covilh, Prince of Asturias Professor, History Department, Tufts University. observatory. They also began the colonization of the recently discovered Azores, through the orders of both Henry and Pedro. While he was renowned for exploring far and wide, the farthest that Henry ever sailed from Portugal was Morocco, which was a location that had already been known to the world for centuries. ." His objectives included finding the source of the West African gold trade and the legendary Christian kingdom of Prester John, and stopping the pirate attacks on the Portuguese coast. On his return to Portugal, Henry was made duke of Viseu and lord of Covilh. Actually, only in the 19 th century did it start being used, with the German historians Heinrich Schaefer and Gustave de Veer being the ones to coin it. He set up a kind of exploration Most online reference entries and articles do not have page numbers. Later, Henry Major and Raymond Beazley . Find the indicated function if cost and revenue are given by C(x)=145+1.1xC(x) = 145 + 1.1xC(x)=145+1.1x and R(x)=5x0.02x2R(x) = 5x - 0.02x^2R(x)=5x0.02x2, respectively. What role did Henry the Navigator play in finding new routes to the East? Give the distribution of X.XX . Vasco da Gama opened a new world of riches by opening up an Indian Ocean route. He has a Ph.D. from the University of Glasgow. He hired a pilot to help him navigate through the Indian Ocean. A cruzado was equal to 400 reis at the time. Fernandos death at Fez in 1443 seems to have been felt by Henry as a grave charge upon his conscience. Fast Facts: Prince Henry the Navigator Known For: He founded an institute for explorers, and people from around the world visited to learn about the latest discoveries in geography and navigation technology. ProductQuantityAmountJan.21TT520$16,120Jan.1522SS1,61020,125Feb.330SS1,42025,560Mar. His voyage and explorations helped change the world for Europeans. He sailed once again beginning in February 1502 with a fleet of 10 ships. Henry the Navigator, Portuguese Henrique o Navegador, byname of Henrique, infante (prince) de Portugal, duque (duke) de Viseu, senhor (lord) da Covilh, (born March 4, 1394, Porto, Portugaldied November 13, 1460, Vila do Infante, near Sagres), Portuguese prince noted for his patronage of voyages of discovery among the Madeira Islands and along After he had returned from his first trip, in 1500 Vasco da Gama had married Caterina de Atade. King John found Ceuta unprepared, as he had hoped, and its capture unexpectedly easy. Ferdinand Magellan Which of the following was a pull factor that caused the Dutch to explore the Indies? Some of the most important dates and events in the life of Henry the Navigator are: Prince Henry died in 1460. Da Gama commanded the. Henry and Fernando nevertheless attacked Tangier and met with disaster; Henry had shown poor generalship and mismanaged the enterprise. His heir, Afonso V, was only six at the time, and Pedro assumed the regency over the bitter opposition of the boys mother, Leonor of Aragon, who would willingly have accepted Henry as regent. Nuno Tristo and Anto Gonalves reached Cape Blanco in 1441. After 1418, Henry began his explorations in earnest, sending his ships to the south, where his captains discovered the island of Santo Porto. But under Henrys orders, Portuguese sailors moved beyond Bojador. By doing so, he helped open a major trade route to Asia. It was Bartolomeu Dias who was the first to round Africa and make it to the Indian Ocean in 1488. What was the goal of Chinese expeditions in the early 1400s? He participates in a war against Morocco and captures the city of Ceuta. Dinis Dias soon came across the Senegal River and rounded the peninsula of Cap-Vert in 1444. circumnavigate around the entire world. In 1420, at the age of 26, he was made administrator general of the Order of Christ, which had replaced the Crusading order of the Templars in Portugal. Nevermind just joking. In eastern Europe he was close enough to Ottoman Turkey to appreciate the Muslim danger. We strive for accuracy and fairness.If you see something that doesn't look right,contact us! The new ocean route around Africa allowed Portuguese sailors to avoid the Arab trading hold in the Mediterranean and Middle East. He encouraged the development of new technologies for exploration. There was also the caravel Berrio, and a storeship So Maria. He is associated with four main accomplishments: Each of these contributions to the field of navigation helped to launch the Age of Exploration. In 1415, Henry, his father and his older brothers led an attack on Ceuta, a town in Morocco along the Strait of Gibraltar. By 1448 the trade in enslaved persons to Portugal had become sufficiently extensive for Henry to order the building of a fort and warehouse on Arguin Island. ago and his role in history was so insignificant no one quoted \text { June 12 } & 65 & \text { TT } & 620 & 10,540 \\ The cities of Florence, Rome, and Wittenberg, and the country of Portugal each played an important role during this time. This meant they could, and did, charge high prices for ships passing through ports. During the reign of his father, John I, Joo Gonalves Zarco and Tristo Vaz Teixeira were sent to explore along the African coast. Again, later at Cochin, they fought with Arab ships, and sent them into flight. Born at Oporto on March 4, 1394, Henry was the third son of John I of Portugal and Philippa of . Indeed, Henry had not always refrained from worldly pleasures; as a young man, he had fathered an illegitimate daughter. Henry is often credited with beginning the Age of Discovery, the period during which European nations expanded their reach to Africa, Asia and the Americas. exploration of the oceans. During his lifetime, Prince Henry not only made significant advances in navigation and shipbuilding, he helped establish Christian Europe's authority over Africa and Asia, while breaking down Muslim control over trade and sea routes. How were the explorations of John Cabot and Christopher Columbus similar? What role did Prince Henry of Portugal play in the age of exploration? The nearby port of Lagos provided a convenient home port for these expeditions. It was like a university for Jehuda Cresques, a noted cartographer, has been said to have accepted an invitation to come to Portugal to make maps for the infante. Henry was interested in locating the source of the caravans that brought gold to the city. Henry also had other resources. Under his rule, Portugal Why were medieval ships unsuited for long-distance voyages? Prince Henry, in his relatively short life of sixty six years, managed to transform the dynamics of exploration voyages. What role did Henry the Navigator play in exploration? Origin of the "Navigator" nickname. By 1448, Henry had established an armed fort in Arguim Bay to handle Portugal's growing gold and slave trade along the African coast. They stayed about a week, then continued sailing on August 3. He had also been at Ceuta. He sponsored many ocean expeditions, such as the journey of It is traditionally suggested that Henry gathered at his villa on the Sagres peninsula a school of navigators and map-makers. Italy was already in control of the major routes to the east. Using the new ship type, the expeditions then pushed onwards. In 1539, his remains were brought back to Portugal. Get a Britannica Premium subscription and gain access to exclusive content. By this stage the explorers had passed the southern boundary of the desert, and from then on Henry had one of his wishes fulfilled: the Portuguese had circumvented the Muslim land-based trade routes across the western Sahara Desert, and slaves and gold began arriving in Portugal. 7Mar. During the five years of Duartes reign, lack of success in the Canary Islands induced Henrys captains to venture farther down the Atlantic coast in search of other opportunities. He accomplished what many explorers before him could not do. How did mercantilism operate as a push factor for some European states during the Age of Exploration? They stayed here for a month because much of the crew were sick from scurvy a disease caused by lack of Vitamin C. Vasco da Gamas later voyages were less friendly with the people he met. Better access to the Indian spice routes boosted Portugals economy. Vasco da Gama Portuguese explorer, set out for India in 1497. Henry the Navigator was born in 1394 in Porto, Portugal. Until Henry's time, Cape Bojador remained the most southerly point known to Europeans on the desert coast of Africa. The Portuguese army would have been unable to reembark had not Fernando been left as hostage in exchange for Henrys broken promise to surrender Ceuta. Following this success, Henry began to explore the coast of Africa, most of which was unknown to Europeans. The caravel used the lateen sail, the prevailing rig in Christian Mediterranean navigation since late antiquity. 741TT67015,075Mar. Twenty-eight years later, Bartolomeu Dias proved that Africa could be circumnavigated when he reached the southern tip of the continent, now known as the Cape of Good Hope. 1. He was taught to be a great statesman and soldier, and proved himself as both in 1415, when he led the Portuguese army in the conquest of Ceuta, a Muslim stronghold in Morocco. 1440s: Henry's expeditions become so beneficial, and his explorers are tasked with managing so many enslaved persons, that Henry feels compelled to establish locations for transport and processing. ." This was the first, and possibly the only, time that Henry would ever sail on a ship. What role did Henry the Navigator play in finding new routes to the East? His early life was spent gaining a royal education where he took an interest in military science and astrological literature. I feel like its a lifeline. Calvert, Patricia. In 1431, Gonalo Velho was dispatched with orders to determine the location of "islands" first identified by de Silves. 1434: Gil Eanes, one of the ablest explorers financed by Prince Henry, claims to successfully go around Cape Bojador.