The NFL had made it clear it wouldve preferred the Redskins remain with the Cooke family, which won three Super Bowls in 25 years of majority ownership. Magic said Jack Kent Cooke is the one who came to Michigan and said he wanted him. He also developed The Forum in Inglewood, California, and FedExField (named Jack Kent Cooke Stadium when it opened, months after his death) near Landover, Maryland. We will fully satisfy the NFL. Born in Hamilton, Ontario, Cooke moved with his family to The Beaches area of Toronto in 1921, where he attended Malvern Collegiate Institute.[1]. So I wish the Commissioner would act as swiftly and decisively in changing the name of the D.C. team, as he did not enough air in a football," Reid said. Cooke still hoped to get an American League expansion team in Toronto, but the city's lack of a major league venue became an impasse. does dak prescott have a daughter; millies wolfheart vs royal canin; lauren caldwell engaged; peter van onselen father; testicle festival missouri 2022; sanguine, choleric, melancholic and phlegmatic; It would turn out to be barely half of the eventual winning bid. He bought the team, then known as the Washington Redskins, from Jack Kent Cooke's estate in 1999. And when hes gone, someone else named Cooke is going to run this team., Instead, however, he reportedly changed his will eight times over the last 10 years of his life. Born in a small village in Mexico, he was one of 10 siblings. What would Jack Kent Cooke think about the foundation if he could see it now? (301) 276-6800. Their stadium is a cash machine.". [5] He sold the cable systems in 1989.[6]. she is tired in spanish duolingo; because it was him because it was me; the hekataeon pdf; teuscher chocolate locations; separated but living together benefits; thomas j watson physics; In May of 1999, Snyder bought the Redskins and Jack Kent Cooke Stadium, which is now known as FedExField, for $800 million. When we do budgeting, he is right there.. ambulance tailgate conversion The following year, Thomson sold his half of the magazine to Cooke. The Redskins' first game in Jack Kent Cooke Stadium, now known as FedEx Field, took place on September 14, 1997 and resulted in a 19-13 overtime victory over the Arizona Cardinals. The marketing services company grew from $43 million in revenue in 1995 to $333 million in revenue in 1997, and Snyder, who took marketing classes at Maryland, in 1996 became the youngest person to head a company listed on the New York Stock Exchange. Cooke was inducted into the Canadian Baseball Hall of Fame in 1985. In the original version, Ralph was to inherit Elmendorf Farm, a thoroughbred horse-breeding operation in Lexington, Ky., and John was to get the team. J's study guide. He told a Washington Post reporter he wanted to sell Redskins cola with star Redskins players pictured on the can. Before that, he had watched several team practices and observed Sparky Anderson, noting the player's leadership qualities and ability to teach younger players from all backgrounds. On May 25, 1999, NFL owners voted unanimously to approve the sale to Snyders group, breaking the record for an NFL franchise deal by more than $250 million. He later became a runner on the floor of the Toronto Stock Exchange. In response, Cooke threatened to build a new arena in the Los Angeles suburb of Inglewood. Snyder and partners were the highest bidders. John Kent Cooke, The Post reported, told friends he would bid whatever it took to keep the Redskins in the family, where, he said, it belongs. The competition would be stiff. Cooke finally earned approval to get his new stadium in Landover, Md. why did the cooke family sell the redskins?park street, hamilton for sale. Cooke's son John tried to put in a competitive bid to keep the team in the family, but the franchise instead was sold to a consortium led by local businessman Daniel Snyder for a record-setting $800 million. It was Cooke's choice to make sure it was sold to the highest bidder. Any of his decendents out there? Grossmans group included former Redskins Coach Joe Gibbs, while Bonderman partnered with Washington real estate developer and future Nationals owner Ted Lerner. Snyder has failed to act meaningfully on rebranding their racist name in a timely manner (and, with a few weeks until pre-season is supposed to start, has yet to begin to prepare for a serious name change on helmets, jerseys, etc.) Good-bye, Kings. jokes about paying attention; June 21, 2022; by . 20 numbers that explain Daniel Snyders 20 years with the Redskins, Jonathan Allen, Redskins defensive line hope to lead resurgence, Case Keenum and Dwayne Haskins kick off Redskins QB competition, Reuben Foster injury is painful for Redskins, who viewed him as a potential team leader. [1] Additio. Study Guides . giorgio armani winter collection juin 30, 2022. chirp inmate texting 8:15 8:15 The crushing cost of the bank loan plus the debt assumed on what would become FedEx Field led to Snyder selling 35% of the Redskins to other investors . Cooke, who bid $680 million for his father's sports legacy, could bid again, as could Daniel Snyder, a Bethesda, Md., businessman, who was a partner in Milstein's group. And when I'm gone, someone named Cooke is going to run this team. 2009-03-23 02:37:14. 4. His first year at community college, he tried registering for five classes but was told he could take only four until he proved himself a worthy student. . Into Lost City of Sports. Jack Kent Cooke (October 25, 1912 - April 6, 1997) was a Canadian entrepreneur and former owner of the Washington Redskins (NFL), the Los Angeles Lakers (NBA), and the Los Angeles Kings (NHL), and built The Forum in Inglewood, California and FedEx Field in Landover, Maryland. Cooke, who had famously informed a reporter that "I don't intend to die,"[11] died of congestive heart failure on April 6, 1997, at George Washington University Hospital in Washington, D.C.[18] A memorial service was held at Trinity Episcopal Church in Upperville, Virginia, on April 10 and was attended by more than 400 Washington and sports dignitaries. This community was named Raljona name devised by Cooke by combining the names of his sons Ralph and John. One of the reasons the trustees gave it to Snyder was that they were worried about a lawsuit, he said. Here are some famous fans who stood out in the crowd. At that time, his son, Jack Kent Cooke Jr., expressed his desire to make the winning bid to keep the Redskins in the Cooke family. More important for our purposes here, as to his ownership of the Redskins, all owners fire coaches (sometimes good coaches) for underperforming. . . Still, they were close. Washington Commanders defensive coordinator Jack Del Rio issued an apology on Wednesday, just hours after referring to the riots last year at the U.S. Capitol as a "dustup." Redskins fans would probably take mediocre the word the team's former owner's son used to describe the state of the franchise. why was george whitefield important; ncaa tennis rankings 2022; fort worth city council district 5. disappointed crossword clue. 0. why did the cooke family sell the redskins? John clearly admired his fathers business acumen, calling him a natural-born salesman. JACK KENT COOKE IN LOTUSLAND. Keep supporting great journalism by turning off your ad blocker. A new Associated Press-GfK poll shows that nationally, "Redskins" still enjoys widespread support. At a recent weekend retreat for Cooke Scholars, he asked students to raise their hand if they thought the foundation had made a mistake in choosing them. He eventually started his own company and the Magdaleno Leadership Institute, a nonprofit organization that helps low-income students go to college. That level of support should be available virtually in perpetuity. Born in Hamilton, Ontario, Cooke moved with his family to The Beaches area of Toronto in 1921, where he attended Malvern Collegiate Institute.. At age 14, Cooke got a job selling encyclopedias door to door. Leonard Shapiro is a former Washington Post sports reporter, columnist and editor. Grossman also reentered the bidding with the support of FedEx founder and chairman Fred Smith, but withdrew his roughly $800 million offer shortly after Cooke bowed out. He never graduated from high school, John said during a recent visit in the spacious office attached to his main residence. Our Readers Who Comment are not cheering the Redskins this morning as they ponder the story of real estate agent Pat Hall, a fan whose income tanked in the recent unpleasantness and who thus could not meet her $5,300 contractual commitment for seats at Fed-Ex Field and who was sued successfully by the Skins for $66,364. Cooke sold the Maple Leafs in 1964. The suit was thrown out. This is what the word means to my family. If Cooke defaulted the franchise by not producing a new arena, they figured, the Blades would be back in again. (Joel Richardson/The Washington Post) When Redskins owner Jack Kent Cooke died in April 1997 at age 84, his unusual will directed that the bulk of his estate go toward a foundation bearing his name. After Washington triumphed in Super Bowl XXVIthe franchise's third Lombardi Trophy in a decadea Native American group filed a petition to have the nickname removed from trademark. By doing so, it became virtually impossible for John to keep the team. He really was quite amazing.. Cooke called the new location Raljohn, a combination of Cooke's sons, Ralph and John. They have reached the playoffs just five times and have two postseason wins. He became majority owner in 1974 and sole owner in 1985. 50 The friction was visible when the Redskins won Super Bowl XVII against the Dolphins in 1983. On his deathbed, Errol Flynn said, "I've seen everything twice, and I'm ready to go." Shortly afterward, Cooke died of cardiac arrest. Many days, he slept in his car before class. NoVA also didn't want the Redskins stadium built there at Potomac Yards. why did the cooke family sell the redskins? Hail on the Redskins! ART Studio. I mean it, we always brag. I still remember when the Cookes owned it and things were done really well, he said. When I was being interviewed [for the job], he was right there. The next year it was renamed the Redskins. He passed before he could put us in . But for John, the time for what-ifs has passed. He also owns newspapers and other media properties in North Carolina and Florida. "[8] The Kings played their first game on October 14, 1967at the Long Beach Arena, while construction was being completed at Cooke's new arena. In 1951, Cooke ventured into sports, acquiring the minor league Toronto Maple Leafs baseball club. Leonard Shapiro retired from The Washington Post in 2011 after 41 years as a sports reporter, editor and columnist. He also continued to work with Thomson, and the two acquired the Canadian edition of Liberty magazine in 1948, naming it New Liberty. He was still mentally okay, but he was also worried. John would accompany his father when he met with Post sports editors, columnists and reporters every year before the start of training camp. The league wouldnt make similar concessions for other groups. Whether any prospective. The franchise remained the Redskins after relocating to Washington, D.C., in 1937, but the future use of that name is doubtful. The two eventually became partners and started buying newspapers and radio stations. He also said his father often talked about giving scholarships to poor students. See answer (1) The sale still required approval by the NFL's owners. July 4 1964 Barbara Moon. Highlighting the toxic workplace culture at the organisation, multiple names from Dan Snyder's internal . In addition to concerns that Milsteins financing plan was too debt-laden, there were reports that some NFL owners worried Milstein was too litigious. The presiding judge during the bench trial was Joseph Wapner, who later became famous as the judge on television's The People's Court. The Post reported that the 33-year-old businessman who heads a Bethesda-based communications empire would join the bidding after receiving one of the initial offering memorandums distributed to potential buyers by Morgan Stanley Dean Witter. With his focus on entertainment, Cooke was compared to St. Louis Browns owner Bill Veeck. So if they're both losers, why are you complaining? JACK KENT COOKE IN LOTUSLAND. [15][16] In Fauquier County Circuit Court, a judge rejected Martin's request that he ignore the prenuptial agreement, and improve her financial settlement in which she received a $75,000 ($179,000 in current dollar terms) annual stipend, a Jaguar, and the use for five years of an apartment in the Watergate complex. The fact were still standing here and going to overtime means were going to do it.. The Redskins name stuck. George Preston Marshall founded the . (Andre Chung/for The Washington Post), The Redskins Mike Nelms celebrates with team owner Jack Kent Cooke after a win against Dallas to take them to the Super Bowl in 1983. Yet, a younger generation that didn't enjoy those celebrations are exasperated over why the team wasn't given to family. I do believe that if I had retained the Redskins, the foundation still could have been born and would have been as world famous as the Redskins were, he said. Cooke was soon calling it "The Fabulous Forum." "It's a heck of a task", writes the Washington Post's Mike Wise in 2014 . I wish all the Redskins fans many Super Bowls. Cooke was married five times, however his last two marriages were to the same woman, Marlene Ramallo Chalmers. There had been nine bids in a highly competitive process, and the licence was awarded to a consortium of Aldred-Rogers Broadcasting and the Telegram Corporation, which launched CFTO-TV. John said he and his father kept discussing the possibility of keeping the team in the family even in the final months of his life. No matter how far up the ladder you go, he said, you cant ever forget the people you left behind.. Wiki User. Not only because the name hurts certain groups of people while it serves nobody in a positive sense, but also because the man who originally brought the team from Boston for the 1937 season was the most toxic racist in the NFL's history. . While Snyder no longer had a financial relationship with Milstein, he said during the news conference announcing the sale that he still considered him a friend. The extra point just got a lot more exciting in Washington. Learn how and when to remove this template message, "A Consortium Will Acquire Cooke's Cable TV Systems", "Owning Up to the Truth: Cooke Was the Best,", "Raiders Return to Oakland: Coliseum Commission Turns L.A. The elder John Kent Cooke, an executive vice president of the Redskins, will become owner and chief executive of the team, Mr. McCall said. Advertisement Washington is on the list of cities in contention . In 1964, Anderson accepted the offer. The day Jack Kent Cooke dies, nobody will be more surprised than Jack Kent Cooke. russian last names starting with r; best food in chinatown vancouver; central ticket office cervinia; . [15] After they divorced, Martin gave birth to a girl who was named Jacqueline Kent Cooke. [1] It ended with a $1 million ($3,000,000 in current dollar terms) divorce settlement. In 1979, Cooke sold both the Lakers and the Los Angeles Kings. Send letters to the . Oh, Cooke's life has been big. They reconciled before Ralph died in 1995 of liver failure at age 58. 14,075 posts, read 8,360,785 times Reputation: 22232. And when he's gone, someone else named Cooke is going to run this team." The six trustees tasked with reviewing the bids were expected to make a decision by Christmas, after which a three-fourths majority of NFL owners would be required to approve the transfer of ownership. He tried to establish a Redskins charge card that season-ticket . residential caravan parks scotland . Police ruled the shooting "justifiable homicide" and the case was closed. [15] Cooke's lawyer Milton Gould said: "This is a conspiracy to try to use a little kid as a means of getting money. He was 84. In May of 1999, in the then largest purchase in sports history, Snyder bought the Washington Redskins and the stadium they played in for $750 million from Jack Kent Cooke's estate. I am consoled by my memories of the many great years that my family has been associated with the Redskins and the NFL. Eight groups were invited to submit a second round of bids due Dec. 22. He is a want to be Jerry Jones. fundicin a presin; gases de soldadura; filtracion de aceite espreado/rociado; industria alimenticia; sistema de espreado/rociado de lubricante para el molde Cooke doesn't like the World League to start with, and wouldn't be thrilled to have a team from that league playing at RFK Stadium. (Andre Chung/for The Washington Post). Why Cooke saddled fans with the poor tenure of successor Dan Snyder. There are even fewer around who remember what Cooke was like. At a recent weekend retreat for Cooke Scholars, he asked students to raise their hand if they thought the foundation had made a mistake in choosing them. why did the cooke family sell the redskins? Cooke inherited a team with a football man in charge and did not make a change until George Allen stepped down. His undocumented family came to the United States when he was 18 months old, settling in an East Dallas neighborhood beset by gangs, drugs, shootings and lousy, underfunded schools. MVP Runner-Up safety Brad Edwards and Skins' great Joe Jacoby joined Kevin with their memories of that season, week, and the big game. The current Redskins owner, Daniel Snyder, has taken the same stand as Cooke. In mid-February, the NFLs finance committee requested more financial documentation from the group and hired a private investigator to do background checks on both men. tickets@washingtonfootball.com. Im 37. He still remembers the scores: 25th percentile in verbal, 66th percentile in math, 10th percentile in writing. After graduating in 2006 at the age of 26 with a degree in corporate communication and public affairs, Magdaleno was offered a job with a major Dallas bank and a generous starting salary but instead stayed at SMU to set up the first Office of Diversity and Community Engagement. Some sources, including noted money-grubbers Forbes (who, despite what some believe, are NOT on our side, as they are elitists and on their own side), claim $800 . Snyder curls into a chair and dangles a sneakered foot over the side. After buying the team in 1999 , Snyder changed the name of its stadium from Jack Kent Cooke Stadium to . Unfortunately, we just ran out of time., Jack Kent Cooke died from congestive heart failure in April 1997. The daughter of former Washington Redskins owner Jack Kent Cooke allegedly struck a man with . A huge plate-glass window overlooks the fields--one grass, one artificial--where his $1.55 billion football team practices. Snyder says he won't scrap a name that has defined the franchise for 87 years. In winter, he and Rita can be found onboard a classic 57-foot yacht that they moor in South Florida. He also owned the Chrysler Building in New York. Why, he went to live in a pink Venetian palace in California, booted ten million dollars in a richly comic brush with radio, and bought a piece of the Washington Redskins. If the opportunity arises and the Snyder group is rejected for any reason, we will reenter.. His revised bid was backed by family members, as well as Mortimer Zuckerman and Fred Drasner, original investors in Snyder Communication, and included $350 million in equity. Their early bid was declined, but Milstein and Snyder remained in the running, and on Jan. 10, 1999, the duo signed an agreement to buy the Redskins for approximately $800 million. From left: Sean Martin, Rachel Martin, John Kent Cooke and his wife, Rita Cooke. So if he loses in . ", "Lakers Legendary Jerry Buss and His "Rags to Riches" Story Truly One of a Kind,", "Cooke, Buss Confirm Sale of Coast Teams", "Cooke Bequeaths Wealth To Gifted and Poor Youths,", "Jack Kent Cooke, Redskins' Team Owner, Dies at 84,", "Cooke's Will Cuts Out Wife, Keeps Redskins in the Family,", "Jack Kent Cooke's ex-wife ready to tell all about his other ex,", "Jack Kent Cooke, Redskins' Team Owner, Dies at 84", "Cooke Estate To Pay $20 Million To Widow", "Foundation Extends Jack Kent Cooke's Longtime Interests with New Grants,", "Jacqueline Kent Cooke, Auditing Trusts and Estates 101,", "Jack Kent Cooke's Daughter Has Lots Of Moxie, Little Class", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jack_Kent_Cooke&oldid=1119778496, This page was last edited on 3 November 2022, at 10:37. Socialite Jacqueline Kent Cooke took a plea deal Tuesday in her assault case, in which she's accused of calling an elderly woman a Jew before bashing the woman's son in the head . This is like a marriage and before you get into any marriage, you have to be careful, Tampa Bay Buccaneers owner Malcolm Glazer said. Then in 1993, Cooke wrote John out of the will as his successor in charge of the franchise and never put him back in. Then he built them a . Cooke will receive about $60 million from his 10 percent ownership stake in the Redskins, but he had made it clear throughout the bidding process that he intended to emerge as the team's owner. So, ideally, the Redskins would move to a different name, and take down the monument to former owner . He began with nothing during The Great Depression, selling encyclopedias. In 1936, he was selling soap for Colgate-Palmolive when he met Roy Thomson, who hired Cooke to run his radio station in Stratford, Ontario. Hes also terribly proud of his children, including stepdaughter Rachel Martin, who runs the winery. Call us at (425) 485-6059. methodjosh in jail; michigan land bank authority. The cooke family estate was forced to sell the redskins prior to the 1999 season to whom did they sell the team? The enigmatic owner died in 1997, just as the curtains unveiled on the new Redskin . With the financial backing of J. P. Bickell, Cooke purchased CKCL (under Toronto Broadcasting Co.) in 1945, changing the call letters to CKEY. Football teams make money a number of ways, * Revenue sharing from: * * Aparell and other licensing * TV deals * Stadium naming rights * Sponsorships * Ticket sales and Concessions You put all that together and out. Denunciations of it as an insult to American Indians reached a point . Twenty years, eight head coaches and two playoff wins since Snyder took control of the Redskins, its hard not to wonder how things might have turned out differently for the franchise had another bidder emerged victorious. Snyder's ownership of the team has been controversial, with frequent accusations of a toxic workplace culture as . Today, theories abound as to why he picked that particular name, including the notion that it was to honorthe Boston Tea Party. Cooke won the franchise, and paid $2 million for the new Los Angeles NHL club, which he called the "Kings." The other three, he went to school. Cooke was the owner of the Washington Redskins (NFL), the Los Angeles Lakers (NBA), the Los Angeles Kings (NHL), the Los Angeles Wolves (United Soccer) and Toronto Maple Leafs (IL). February 2, 2017. [22], The bulk of Cooke's $825 million estate went into establishing the Jack Kent Cooke Foundation, whose stated mission was to "help young people of exceptional promise reach their full potential through education. I have seen many-a-change at Redskins Park. Dad was not healthy at that point, John recalled. 09-15-2015, 02:11 PM DaveinMtAiry : Location: Mount Airy, Maryland. Nearly 30 years later Cooke told the Los Angeles Times sportswriter Steve Springer that he recalled "one official representing the commission laughing at him" (Springer's words) when Cooke warned he would build in Inglewood. He had not been aware of that and said he would look into it, John said. That would make sense because it's unlikely there is a man alive who made as much money as Cooke did in the way he did it. They don't have the Curse of the Bambino , but rather the . We finished the regulation period. tim tuttle erica rico split. Any decent coordinator (aka Zorn) is going to be hesitant to have their reputations and potentially bright futures ruined by a brief tenure as head coach of the Washington Deadskins. While Snyder began to leave his mark on the Redskins, Cooke, who netted about $60 million in the sale, joined the board of his fathers foundation, which was established in 2000 and has awarded more than $190 million in scholarships. why did the cooke family sell the redskins?russell stover strawberry cream. Whatever else he did with his life, however hard-charging he was, Levy said, he left behind an important legacy that will live on for generations.. The transfer of the team from the Cooke family to Daniel Snyder was a piece of history, particularly as it stole the title of the most expensive franchise purchase in the history of the league. Hail and farewell!. Born in Hamilton, Ontario, Cooke moved with his family to The Beaches area of Toronto in 1921, where he attended . In May of 1999, in the then largest purchase in sports history, Snyder bought the Washington Redskins and the stadium they played in for $750 million from Jack Kent Cooke's estate. But he admires the way Cooke set it up, even if that meant selling the football team he said would always be in his family. It was understandable why he made the decision.. Eleven years earlier, Snyder founded Snyder Communications Inc. with his older sister, Michele. In August 1998, New York real estate financier Andrew Penson made the first offer for the Redskins and Jack Kent Cooke Stadium before the bidding for the assets officially opened. [12][13][11] The marriage lasted 10 months. Hundreds of fans have written to me with their support and suggestions . Winner gets to host a weekly show for 10 weeks. how to find non english words in excel; youtube app stuttering 2020; homes for sale in nampa, idaho by owner. Ahead of a special owners meeting to vote on the sale on April 7 in Atlanta, Milstein received $125 million in cash from his father, Paul. Cowher is headed to the Panthers, Gruden has already worked for Al Davis once, and Dungy is going to stay retired. [11] Cooke and Carnegie had two sons: John Kent Cooke and Ralph Kent Cooke. Eating chopped liver at Duke Zeibert's restaurant one day in Washington, D.C. More information coming soon! These days, John looks fit and healthy. He was selling soap in Northern Ontario for Colgate-Palmolive in 1936 when he met Roy Thomson, who hired Cooke to run radio station CJCS in Stratford, Ontario. John Kent Cooke, son of the late Redskins' owner, was outbid by Milstein in the first auction and submitted a new offer reportedly higher than his initial $680 million, but not high enough to . Since its inception, the foundation has awarded more than $150million in scholarships to roughly 2,200 students. why did the cooke family sell the redskins? See, I have been a reporter, Redskins fan, season ticket holder, avid sports talk phone caller, and listener to the D.C. sports talk community for decades. Too many minorities attend football games seemed to be the argument of the day. By . In the end, Cooke received the Chrysler Building and other properties. We felt that the trustees may be legally obligated to [Snyder]," Grossman said. And at least a few times a year, he travels to Lansdowne, Va., to visit his fathers foundation, set up 17 years ago to provide scholarships to low-income students. At a March 17 meeting in Phoenix, NFL Commissioner Paul Tagliabue granted a request by Milstein and Snyder to delay the vote on their purchase of the team, saying theres a feeling on both sides its been a media event when it should be a business process., Were in overtime now, Milstein said after Tagliabues announcement. The Lakers during Cooke's ownership reached seven NBA Finals and won the 1972 NBA Finals. why did the cooke family sell the redskins? Arian's Foster Child. Answer (1 of 4): There is less than no reason to, from his perspective. Some fans came to revile Snyder as a toxic meddler quick to pull the trigger on firing head coaches, signing big-contract, big-bust free agents and putting the wrong people in positions of authority. During those sessions, Cooke would call him my dear boy or Johnnycakes or even Cakes, making anyone who heard it rather uncomfortable. Some owners considered it a loan and remained concerned that much of Milsteins bid was secured by real estate holdings. In columbus, Terry Blair used to host a weekly show and ended up getting married to Marvin Hamlisch. Cooke formed American Cablevision in the 1960s and acquired several cable television companies. MEMBER LOGIN. He sold CKEY at the end of 1960 and Consolidated Press in 1961. Cooke's attorney did not . And he did the contract before the Lakers current owner Dr. Jerry Buss bought the team. The Chrysler owners got Buss' high-rises, which they sold to the buyers he had arranged.